EasyMock简介和代码示例

关于EasyMock：

官网:easymock.org

注意：
* 3.0版本前，使用JDK的动态代理实现Mock对象创建，因此只能对接口进行mock，如果需要对类进行mock，需要使用扩展org.easymock.classextension.EasyMock
* 3.0后，可以针对接口&类进行mock

EasyMock范例（Service层代码单元测试）：

1.工程中引入EasyMock包：

maven工程的话，pom包中添加依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.easymock</groupId>
    <artifactId>easymock</artifactId>
    <version>3.4</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2.被测对象：

public class UserService{
    @Resource
    private UserDao userDao;

    private String getUserName(String userId)
    {
        User user = userDao.select(userId);

        if (null == user)
        {
            return "";
        }else {
            return "offline_" + user.getName();
        }
    }
}

其中UserService依赖UserDao接口的实现

3.测试代码

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:CommonUtils.xml")
public class UserServiceTest{

    private UserDao userDaoMock = null;

    private User userMock = null;

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        // 创建mock对象
        userDaoMock = EasyMock.createMock(UserDao.class);
        userMock = EasyMock.createMock(User.class);

        // mock对象注入被测对象
        Field userDaoField = userService.getDeclaredField("userDao");
        userDaoField.setAccessible(true);
        userDaoField.set(userService,userDaoMock);
    }

    @Test
    public void getUserName()
    {
        // 设置mock对象的期望值
        EasyMock.expect(userMock.getName()).andReturn("testName");
        EasyMock.expect(userDaoMock.select("1")).andReturn(userMock);

        // mock对象的replay
        EasyMock.replay(userMock);
        EasyMock.replay(userDaoMock);

        // 断言
        Assert.assertTrue(userService.getUserName("1")
                    .equals("offline_testName"));

        // 验证mock对象是否被调用
        EasyMock.verify(userMock);
        EasyMock.verify(userDaoMock);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        userDaoMock = null;
        userMock = null;
    }
}

根据官方文档，mock的todolist有：

• Create the mock
• Have it set to the tested class
• Record what we expect the mock to do
• Tell all mocks we are now doing the actual testing
• Test
• Make sure everything that was supposed to be called was called

我们范例中对应是：

1.使用EasyMock生成Mock对象：

userDaoMock = EasyMock.createMock(UserDao.class);
userMock = EasyMock.createMock(User.class);

2.Mock对象注入被测对象：

Field userDaoField = userService.getDeclaredField("userDao");
userDaoField.setAccessible(true);
userDaoField.set(userService,userDaoMock);

3.设定Mock对象的预期行为和输出：

EasyMock.expect(userMock.getName()).andReturn("testName");
EasyMock.expect(userDaoMock.select("1")).andReturn(userMock);

4.将Mock对象切换到Replay状态：

EasyMock.replay(userMock);
EasyMock.replay(userDaoMock);

5.调用Mock对象方法进行单元测试：

Assert.assertTrue(userService.getUserName("1").equals("offline_testName"));

6.确定mock对象有被调用：

EasyMock.verify(userMock);
EasyMock.verify(userDaoMock);

EasyMock进阶：

• 使用IMocksControl管理多个mock对象

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:CommonUtils.xml")
public class UserServiceTest{

    private IMocksControl iMocksControl = null;

    private UserDao userDaoMock = null;

    private User userMock = null;

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @Before
    public void setUp()
    {
        // 创建mock对象
        iMocksControl = EasyMock.createControl();
        userDaoMock = iMocksControl.createMock(UserDao.class);
        userMock = iMocksControl.createMock(User.class);

        // mock对象注入被测对象
        Field userDaoField = userService.getDeclaredField("userDao");
        userDaoField.setAccessible(true);
        userDaoField.set(userService,userDaoMock);
    }


    @Test
    public void getUserName()
    {
        // 设置mock对象的期望值
        EasyMock.expect(userMock.getName()).andReturn("testName");
        EasyMock.expect(userDaoMock.select("1")).andReturn(userMock);

        // mock对象的replay
        iMocksControl.replay();

        // 断言
        Assert.assertTrue(userService.getUserName("1").equals("offline_testName"));

        // 验证mock对象是否被调用
        iMocksControl.verify();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        userDaoMock = null;
        userMock = null;
    }
}

• 使用注解

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:CommonUtils.xml")
public class UserServiceTest{
    @Rule
    private EasyMockRule mocks = new EasyMockRule(this);
    private IMocksControl iMocksControl = null;
    @Mock
    private UserDao userDaoMock = null;
    private User userMock = null;
    @TestSubject
    @Resource
    private UserService userService;
    ...
}

解析：

• 1.mock对象会被注入到userService对象中，@Mock是需要创建的mock对象，@TestSubject是被测类
• 2.如果没有下面这段代码设置Junit的rule，需要将测试类的Runner设置为@RunWith(EasyMockRunner.class)，当你希望使用别的runner类，但是又需要EasyMock的注解时，使用Junit的rule进行扩展

@Rule
private EasyMockRule mocks = new EasyMockRule(this);