Spring Boot & 单元测试

SpringBoot单元测试

本文主要介绍Spring Boot如何完成各种不同类型的单元测试

Spring Boot入门系列

• Spring Boot七分钟快速实践
• Spring Boot & MyBatis
• Spring Boot & Redis
• Spring Boot & Swagger
• Spring Boot & 单元测试
• Spring Boot & Actuator
• Spring Boot Admin

Spring基本单元测试

• pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

• 测试代码

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//启动Spring
@SpringBootTest
public class HelloControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private HelloController helloController;

    @Test
    public void getHello() throws Exception {
        final String greeting = helloController.index();
        Assert.assertEquals("Hello World!", greeting);
    }
}

Mock的方式进行Spring MVC单元测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
//配置mock
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class HelloControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Test
    public void getHello() throws Exception {
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World!")));
    }
}

容器的方式启动进行Spring MVC单元测试

• pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

• 配置服务器与客户端

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
//配置本地随机端口，服务器会选择一个空闲的端口使用，避免端口冲突
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class HelloControllerServerTest {
    @Autowired
    private WebTestClient webClient;

    @Test
    public void exampleTest() {
        this.webClient.get().uri("/").exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody(String.class).isEqualTo("Hello World!");
    }
}

使用Spock完成单元测试

• pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spock-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.1-groovy-2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.groovy</groupId>
    <artifactId>groovy-all</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.16</version>
</dependency>


<!--下面是要放到build/plugins下面的-->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.gmavenplus</groupId>
    <artifactId>gmavenplus-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.1</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>compile</goal>
                <goal>compileTests</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

• 测试代码

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status

//注意这里不能使用@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)了
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class HelloControllerTest extends Specification {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mvc

    def "mvc"() {
        expect:
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World!")));
    }
}

常见错误

• Unable to find a @SpringBootConfiguration, you need to use @ContextConfiguration or @SpringBootTest(classes=...) with your test

@SpringBootTest搜索@SpringBootApplication注解的类，是按照test所在类的package往父层级逐级搜索。 所以解决办法一：@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)，解决方案二：修改test所在类的package，放到@SpringBootApplication子package

参考

• https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-testing.html
• 聊聊 Spring Boot 2.0 的 WebFlux
• Error: Unable to find @SpringBootConfiguration when doing @WebMvcTest for Spring Controller

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