使用linux系统难免会忘记文件所在的位置，可以使用以下命令对系统中的文件进行搜索。搜索文件的命令为”find“；”locate“；”whereis“；”which“；”type“
方法/步骤
find
linux下最强大的搜索命令为”find“。它的格式为”find <指定目录> <指定条件> <指定动作>“；比如使用find命令搜索在根目录下的所有interfaces文件所在位置，命令格式为”find / -name 'interfaces'“
[root]# find /mnt -name "install"
/mnt/install
locate
使用locate搜索linux系统中的文件，它比find命令快。因为它查询的是数据库(/var/lib/locatedb)，数据库包含本地所有的文件信息。使用locate命令在根目录下搜索interfaces文件的命令为”locate interfaces“
[root]# locate install
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/Adwaita/96x96/apps/system-software-install-symbolic.symbolic.png
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/Adwaita/scalable/apps/system-software-install-symbolic.svg
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/system-software-install.png
.....
没有找到命令参见如下解决方案:
yum install mlocate
sudo updatedb
locate install
具体执行结果:
[root]# locate install
-bash: locate: command not found
[root]# yum install mlocate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
* epel: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
* extras: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
* updates: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-6.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
mlocate x86_64 0.26-6.el7 base 113 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 113 k
Installed size: 378 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
mlocate-0.26-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mlocate-0.26-6.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : mlocate-0.26-6.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-6.el7
Complete!
[root]# sudo updatedb
[root]# locate install
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/Adwaita/96x96/apps/system-software-install-symbolic.symbolic.png
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/Adwaita/scalable/apps/system-software-install-symbolic.svg
/var/lib/docker/overlay/40ed1898b3d4a445a2b565a2df2ac3aebc48e64c1985827d55f4e8a974ff5a5e
/root/usr/share/icons/gnome/16x16/apps/system-software-install.png
.....
whereis
使用”whereis“命令可以搜索linux系统中的所有可执行文件即二进制文件。使用whereis命令搜索grep二进制文件的命令为”whereis grep“。
[root]# whereis grep
grep: /usr/bin/grep /usr/share/man/man1/grep.1.gz
which
使用which命令查看系统命令是否存在，并返回系统命令所在的位置。使用which命令查看grep命令是否存在以及存在的目录的命令为”which grep“。
[root]# which grep
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
/usr/bin/grep
type
使用type命令查看系统中的某个命令是否为系统自带的命令。使用type命令查看cd命令是否为系统自带的命令；查看grep 是否为系统自带的命令。
[root]# type grep
grep is aliased to `grep --color=auto'
Linux下按两下Tab键可以显示所有的命令:
[root]#
Display all 1322 possibilities? (y or n)
: iconvconfig psfgettable
! iconvconfig.i686 psfstriptable
./ iconvconfig.x86_64 psfxtable
[ id pstree
[[ idiag-socket-details pstree.x11
]] idlj pstruct
{ idn ptaskset
} if ptx
a2p ifcfg pushd
accessdb ifconfig pwck
addgnupghome ifdown pwconv
addpart ifenslave pwd
addr2line ifnames pwdx
adduser ifstat pwhistory_helper
agetty ifup pwmake
alias igawk pwscore
aliyun-service in pwunconv
alternatives info pydoc
anacron infocmp python
appletviewer infokey python2
applygnupgdefaults infotocap python2.7
apropos init ranlib
ar insmod raw
arch install/ rdisc
arp install-info rdma-ndd
arpd installkernel read
arping intel-microcode2ucode readarray
as ionice readelf
aserver iostat readlink
at ip readonly
atd ip6tables readprofile
atq ip6tables-restore realpath
atrm ip6tables-save reboot
atrun ipcalc recode-sr-latin
audispd ipcmk red
audit2allow ipcrm redhat_lsb_trigger.x86_64
audit2why ipcs redis-benchmark
auditctl ipmaddr redis-check-aof
auditd iprconfig redis-check-dump
augenrules iprdbg redis-cli
aulast iprdump redis-sentinel
aulastlog iprinit redis-server
aureport iprsos rename
ausearch iprupdate renice
ausyscall ipset repoclosure
authconfig iptables repodiff
authconfig-tui iptables-restore repo-graph
autoconf iptables-save repomanage
autoheader iptables-xml repoquery
autom4te iptunnel repo-rss
autoreconf irqbalance reposync
autoscan isosize repotrack
autoupdate jar reset
autrace jarsigner resize2fs
auvirt java resizecons
avcstat javac resizepart
awk javadoc restorecon
badblocks javafxpackager return
base64 javah rev
basename javap rm
bash javapackager rmail
bashbug java-rmi.cgi rmail.postfix
bashbug-64 javaws rmdir
batch jcmd rmic
bc jconsole rmid
bg jcontrol rmiregistry
bind jdb rmmod
biosdecode jdeps route
biosdevname jhat routef
blkdeactivate jinfo routel
blkdiscard jjs rpcgen
blkid jmap rpm
blockdev jmc rpm2cpio
bond2team jmc.ini rpmdb
bootctl jobs rpmkeys
break join rpmquery
bridge journalctl rpmverify
btrfs jps rsyslogd
btrfsck jrunscript rsyslog-recover-qi.pl
btrfs-convert jsadebugd rtacct
btrfs-debug-tree jsondiff rtcwake
btrfs-find-root jsonpatch rtmon
btrfs-image jsonpointer rtpr
btrfs-map-logical jstack rtstat
btrfs-select-super jstat runcon
btrfstune jstatd runlevel
btrfs-zero-log jvisualvm run-parts
build-locale-archive kbdinfo runuser
builtin kbd_mode rvi
busctl kbdrate rview
c2ph kdump rvim
c89 kdumpctl rz
c99 kernel-install s2p
cacertdir_rehash kexec sadf
cal keytool sandbox
ca-legacy kill sar
caller killall sasldblistusers2
cancel killall5 saslpasswd2
cancel.cups kmod schemagen
capsh kpartx scp
captoinfo l. screen
case last script
cat lastb scriptreplay
catchsegv lastlog sdiff
catman lchage secon
cbq lchfn sed
cc lchsh sedismod
cd ld sedispol
centrino-decode ldattach sefcontext_compile
certutil ld.bfd selabel_digest
cfdisk ldconfig selabel_lookup
c++filt ldd selabel_lookup_best_match
chacl ld.gold selabel_partial_match
chage less select
chardetect lessecho selinuxconlist
chat lesskey selinuxdefcon
chattr lesspipe.sh selinuxenabled
chcat let selinuxexeccon
chcon lexgrog selinux_restorecon
chcpu lgroupadd semanage
checkmodule lgroupdel semodule
checkpolicy lgroupmod semodule_package
cheetah lid sendmail
cheetah-analyze link sendmail.postfix
cheetah-compile linux32 seq
chfn linux64 serialver
chgrp linux-boot-prober servertool
chkconfig ll service
chmod ln sestatus
chown lnewusers set
chpasswd lnstat setarch
chronyc loadkeys setcap
chronyd load_policy setenforce
chroot loadunimap setfacl
chrt local setfiles
chsh locale setfont
chvt localectl setkeycodes
cifsiostat localedef setleds
cksum logger setmetamode
clear login setpci
clock loginctl setpriv
clockdiff logname setsebool
cloud-init logout setsid
cloud-init-per logrotate setterm
cloud-init-upgrade logsave setup-nsssysinit
cmp look setup-nsssysinit.sh
cmsutil losetup setvtrgb
col lp sexp-conv
colcrt lpasswd sfdisk
colrm lpc sftp
column lpc.cups sg
comm lp.cups sh
command lpoptions sha1sum
compgen lppasswd sha224sum
complete lpq sha256sum
compopt lpq.cups sha384sum
consoletype lpr sha512sum
continue lpr.cups shift
ControlPanel lprm shopt
coproc lprm.cups show-changed-rco
coredumpctl lpstat showconsolefont
cp lpstat.cups show-installed
cpio lrb showkey
cpp lrx shred
cpupower lrz shuf
cracklib-check ls shutdown
cracklib-format lsattr signtool
cracklib-packer lsb signver
cracklib-unpacker lsblk size
create-cracklib-dict lsb_release skill
crlutil lscpu slabtop
crond lsinitrd slattach
crontab lsipc sleep
csplit lslocks sln
csslint-0.6 lslogins slogin
ctrlaltdel lsmod smtp-sink
ctstat lsns smtp-source
curl lsof snice
cut lspci soelim
date lsscsi sort
db_archive lsx sotruss
db_checkpoint lsz source
db_deadlock lua spax
db_dump luac splain
db_dump185 luseradd split
db_hotbackup luserdel sprof
db_load lusermod sqlite3
db_log_verify m4 ss
db_printlog machinectl ssh
db_recover mail ssh-add
db_replicate Mail ssh-agent
db_stat mailq ssh-copy-id
db_tuner mailq.postfix sshd
db_upgrade mailx sshd-keygen
dbus-binding-tool make ssh-keygen
dbus-cleanup-sockets makedb ssh-keyscan
dbus-daemon makedumpfile ssltap
dbus-monitor man stat
dbus-send mandb stdbuf
dbus-uuidgen manpath strace
db_verify mapfile strace-log-merge
dc mapscrn strings
dd markdown_py strip
deallocvt matchpathcon stty
debugfs mcookie su
debuginfo-install md5sum sudo
declare mesg sudoedit
delpart mii-diag sudoreplay
depmod mii-tool sulogin
devlink mixartloader sum
df mkdict sushell
dgawk mkdir suspend
dhclient mkdumprd swaplabel
dhclient-script mke2fs swapoff
diff mkfifo swapon
diff3 mkfs switch_root
dir mkfs.btrfs sync
dircolors mkfs.cramfs sysctl
dirname mkfs.ext2 systemctl
dirs mkfs.ext3 systemd-analyze
disown mkfs.ext4 systemd-ask-password
dmesg mkfs.minix systemd-cat
dmfilemapd mkfs.xfs systemd-cgls
dmidecode mkhomedir_helper systemd-cgtop
dmsetup mkinitrd systemd-coredumpctl
dmstats mklost+found systemd-delta
dnsdomainname mknod systemd-detect-virt
dnsmasq mkswap systemd-escape
do mktemp systemd-firstboot
docker modinfo systemd-hwdb
docker-containerd modprobe systemd-inhibit
docker-containerd-ctr modutil systemd-loginctl
docker-containerd-shim more systemd-machine-id-setup
dockerd mount systemd-notify
docker-init mountpoint systemd-nspawn
docker-proxy mpstat systemd-path
docker-runc msgattrib systemd-run
domainname msgcat systemd-stdio-bridge
done msgcmp systemd-sysv-convert
dracut msgcomm systemd-tmpfiles
du msgconv systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
dumpe2fs msgen sys-unconfig
dumpkeys msgexec sz
dwp msgfilter tabs
e2freefrag msgfmt tac
e2fsck msggrep tail
e2image msghack tailf
e2label msginit tapestat
e2undo msgmerge tar
e4defrag msgunfmt taskset
eapol_test msguniq tbl
easy_install mv tc
easy_install-2.7 nail tcpdump
ebtables namei tcpslice
ebtables-restore nameif tcsd
ebtables-save native2ascii teamd
echo ndptool teamdctl
ecs_mq_rps_rfs needs-restarting teamnl
ed neqn tee
egrep netreport telinit
eject netstat test
elfedit nettle-hash testgdbm
elif nettle-lfib-stream then
else NetworkManager tic
enable newaliases tickadj
eni-ifscan newaliases.postfix time
eni-version newgrp timedatectl
env new-kernel-pkg timeout
envsubst newusers times
eqn nf-ct-add tload
esac nf-ct-list tmon
ether-wake nf-exp-add tnameserv
ethtool nf-exp-delete toe
eval nf-exp-list top
ex nf-log touch
exec nf-monitor tput
exit nf-queue tr
expand nfsiostat-sysstat tracepath
export ngettext tracepath6
expr nice trap
extcheck nisdomainname troff
factor nl true
faillock nl-addr-add truncate
fallocate nl-addr-delete trust
false nl-addr-list tset
fc nl-class-add tsort
fdformat nl-class-delete tty
fdisk nl-classid-lookup tune2fs
fg nl-class-list tuned
fgconsole nl-cls-add tuned-adm
fgrep nl-cls-delete turbostat
fi nl-cls-list type
file nl-fib-lookup typeset
filefrag nl-link-enslave tzselect
find nl-link-ifindex2name udevadm
find2perl nl-link-list ul
findfs nl-link-name2ifindex ulimit
findmnt nl-link-release umask
find-repos-of-install nl-link-set umount
fipscheck nl-link-stats unalias
fipshmac nl-list-caches uname
firewall-cmd nl-list-sockets unexpand
firewalld nl-monitor unicode_start
firewall-offline-cmd nl-neigh-add unicode_stop
fixfiles nl-neigh-delete uniq
flock nl-neigh-list unix_chkpwd
fmt nl-neightbl-list unix_update
fold nl-pktloc-lookup unlink
for nl-qdisc-add unpack200
free nl-qdisc-delete unset
fsck nl-qdisc-list unshare
fsck.btrfs nl-route-add until
fsck.cramfs nl-route-delete unxz
fsck.ext2 nl-route-get unzip
fsck.ext3 nl-route-list unzipsfx
fsck.ext4 nl-rule-list update-alternatives
fsck.minix nl-tctree-list update-ca-trust
fsck.xfs nl-util-addr update-mime-database
fsfreeze nm update-pciids
fstrim nmcli uptime
function nm-online urlgrabber
funzip nmtui useradd
fuser nmtui-connect userdel
fxload nmtui-edit usermod
gapplication nmtui-hostname usernetctl
gawk nohup users
gcc nologin usleep
gcc-ar nproc usx2yloader
gcc-nm nroff utmpdump
gcc-ranlib nscd uuidgen
gcov nsenter vdir
gdbus nstat verifytree
gencat ntpd vi
genhomedircon ntpdate view
genhostid ntpdc vigr
genl ntp-keygen vim
genl-ctrl-list ntpq vimdiff
geoiplookup ntpstat vimtutor
geoiplookup6 ntptime vipw
geoipupdate numfmt virt-what
geqn objcopy virt-what-cpuid-helper
getcap objdump visudo
getconf od vlock
getenforce oldfind vmcore-dmesg
getent open vmstat
getfacl openssl vpddecode
getkeycodes openvt vxloader
getopt orbd w
getopts os-prober wait
getpcaps ownership wall
getsebool p11-kit watch
gettext pack200 watchgnupg
gettext.sh package-cleanup wc
gio packer wdctl
gio-querymodules-64 pam_console_apply weak-modules
glib-compile-schemas pam_tally2 wget
glibc_post_upgrade.i686 pam_timestamp_check whatis
glibc_post_upgrade.x86_64 parted whereis
gmake partprobe which
gneqn partx while
gnroff passwd whiptail
gpasswd paste who
gpg patch whoami
gpg2 pathchk wipefs
gpg-agent pax wpa_cli
gpgconf pchrt wpa_passphrase
gpg-connect-agent peekfd wpa_supplicant
gpg-error perl write
gpgparsemail perl5.16.3 wsgen
gpgsplit perlbug wsimport
gpgv perldoc x86_64
gpgv2 perlthanks x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc
gpg-zip pflags x86_energy_perf_policy
gpic pgawk xargs
gprof pgrep xfs_admin
grep pic xfs_bmap
groff piconv xfs_copy
grops pidof xfs_db
grotty pidstat xfs_estimate
groupadd pinentry xfs_freeze
groupdel pinentry-curses xfs_fsr
groupmems ping xfs_growfs
groupmod ping6 xfs_info
groups pinky xfs_io
grpck pip xfs_logprint
grpconv pip2 xfs_mdrestore
grpunconv pip2.7 xfs_metadump
grub2-bios-setup pivot_root xfs_mkfile
grub2-editenv pk12util xfs_ncheck
grub2-file pkaction xfs_quota
grub2-fstest pkcheck xfs_repair
grub2-get-kernel-settings pkcs1-conv xfs_rtcp
grub2-glue-efi pkexec xgettext
grub2-install pkg-config xjc
grub2-kbdcomp pkill xmlcatalog
grub2-macbless pkla-admin-identities xmllint
grub2-menulst2cfg pkla-check-authorization xmlwf
grub2-mkconfig pkttyagent xtables-multi
grub2-mkfont pl2pm xxd
grub2-mkimage pldd xz
grub2-mklayout plipconfig xzcat
grub2-mknetdir plymouth xzcmp
grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 plymouthd xzdec
grub2-mkrelpath plymouth-set-default-theme xzdiff
grub2-mkrescue pmap xzegrep
grub2-mkstandalone pod2html xzfgrep
grub2-ofpathname pod2man xzgrep
grub2-probe pod2text xzless
grub2-reboot pod2usage xzmore
grub2-render-label policytool yes
grub2-rpm-sort popd ypdomainname
grub2-script-check postalias yum
grub2-set-default postcat yum-builddep
grub2-setpassword postconf yum-complete-transaction
grub2-sparc64-setup postdrop yum-config-manager
grub2-syslinux2cfg postfix yumdb
grubby post-grohtml yum-debug-dump
gsettings postkick yum-debug-restore
gshelld postlock yumdownloader
gsoelim postlog yum-groups-manager
gtar postmap zcat
gtbl postmulti zcmp
gtroff postqueue zdiff
gunzip postsuper zdump
gzexe powernow-k8-decode zegrep
gzip poweroff zfgrep
h2ph pppd zforce
halt pppdump zgrep
hardlink pppoe-discovery zic
hash pppstats zip
hdsploader ppp-watch zipcloak
head pr zipgrep
help preconv zipinfo
hexdump pre-grohtml zipnote
history printenv zipsplit
hostid printf zless
hostname prlimit zmore
hostnamectl prtstat znew
hwclock ps zramctl
i386 psed zsoelim
iconv psfaddtable
本文由 创作，采用 知识共享署名4.0 国际许可协议进行许可。本站文章除注明转载/出处外，均为本站原创或翻译，转载前请务必署名。最后编辑时间为: 2020/05/06 13:11